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THEME: BLACKLISTING The Cold War reignited American anticommunism, and again the entertainment business was a particularly visible target. The House Committee on Un-American Activities investigation of communist influence on Hollywood inspired independent pressure groups to scrutinize the broadcasting industry for communist infiltration. |
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Red Channels, published in 1950 by American Business Consultants, exposed the "communist front" and foreign associations of 151 people working in radio and television. Over one-third of those listed were Jews. Among them were such prominent Hollywood stars as John Garfield and Judy Holliday, both of whom who were subsequently subpoenaed by Congress to testify regarding their communist associations. Many of those listed in Red Channels had publicly supported anti-Nazi and pro-Civil Rights organizations; others were union activists or members of the Progressive Party. Consequently, many American Jews, especially those on the left, saw blacklisting in the broadcasting industry as a continuation of earlier attacks that equated Jews and communism. Those listed in Red Channels included: Larry Adler Harmonica Player |
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Luther Adler Actor — Stage, Screen, Radio Stella Adler Actress, Director Leonard Bernstein Composer, Conductor Marc Blitzstein Playwright, Composer Oscar Brand Folk Singer; Master of Ceremonies on folk song program Lee J. Cobb Actor Aaron Copland Composer, Writer Norman Corwin Radio Writer, Director, Producer Alfred Drake Actor, Singer, "Kiss Me Kate" Jose Ferrer Actor — Stage, Screen, Radio, TV John Garfield Actor Jack Gilford Actor-comedian — Stage and Nightclub Ruth Gordon Actress, Writer Morton Gould Composer of popular music Ben Grauer Radio Announcer; Council Member, American Federation of Radio Artists Uta Hagen Actress Dashiell Hammett Writer, Detective and Mystery Stories E. Y. (Yip) Harburg Composer — Stage, Screen Lillian Hellman Playwright, Author Nat Hiken Comedy Writer — Radio and Television Rose Hobart Actress — Screen, Stage, Radio Judy Holliday Actress — Screen, Stage, Radio, and TV Lena Horne Singer — Stage, Screen, Radio Langston Hughes Operatic Librettist, Author, Poet Burl Ives Folk Singer, Entertainer Sam Jaffe Actor Garson Kanin Writer, Director, Producer — Screen, Stage Arthur Laurents Writer — Stage, Screen Wrote "Home of the Brave" Gypsy Rose Lee Strip Teaser Philip Loeb Actor — Stage, Radio, TV Portrays "Jake" on radio and TV versions of "The Goldbergs" Alan (Allan) Lomax Folk Singer- Composer; Author of book, "Mister Jelly Roll" Joseph Losey Director — Radio, Theater Burgess Meredith Actor, Director, Producer — Stage, Screen, Radio, and TV Arthur Miller Playwright — "Death of a Salesman," "All My Sons" Henry Morgan Radio Comedian Zero Mostel Comedian Jean Muir Actress — Stage, Screen, TV Dorothy Parker Writer, Versifier Arnold Perl Radio Writer Samson Raphaelson Playwright Anne Revere Actress — Screen, Stage Edward G. Robinson Actor — Screen, Radio Harold Rome Composer Robert St. John Author, Lecturer, News Commentator Hazel Scott Pianist, Singer Pete Seeger Folk Singer Artie Shaw Orchestra Leader Irwin Shaw Dramatist, Critic, Author of "Bury the Dead" William L. Shirer Radio Commentator, News Correspondent, Author Howard K. Smith Radio News Commentator Gale Sondergaard Actress Louis Untermeyer Poet-Writer, Frequent Guest on Radio Shows Orson Welles Actor Josh White Singer of Folk Songs |
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